PSLE（小学离校考试）考四科：华文、英文、数学、科学。真正决定分数的往往不是"会不会"，而是知不知道每张卷子考什么、分值压在哪里、答案要写成什么样子。这一页把这三件事讲清楚。The PSLE covers four subjects: Chinese, English, Mathematics and Science. What separates scores is often not whether a child knows the content, but whether they know what each paper tests, where the marks sit, and what a full-mark answer looks like. This page covers those three things.
一、PSLE 到底考什么1. What the PSLE actually covers
四科各自出卷、各自计分，最后换算成 AL 等级相加。华文和英文都是四张卷（写作、语文应用与理解、听力、口试），数学和科学各两部分。语言科目的试卷二分值最重——接近一半的分数在那里；数学的 Paper 2、科学的 Booklet B 同理，是拉开差距的地方。Each subject is examined and scored separately, then converted into AL bands that are added together. Chinese and English each have four papers (writing, language use & comprehension, listening, oral); Mathematics and Science have two parts each. For the languages, Paper 2 carries by far the most marks — close to half. The equivalent pressure points are Maths Paper 2 and Science Booklet B.
二、华文试卷结构（满分 200）2. Chinese paper structure (200 marks)
| 试卷Paper | 占比Weight | 考什么What it tests |
|---|---|---|
| 试卷一 · 作文Paper 1 · Writing | 27.5% | 命题作文 / 看图作文，评内容、结构、词句Composition — content, structure and language |
| 试卷二 · 语文应用与理解Paper 2 · Language Use & Comprehension | 47.5% | 词语、语法、完成对话、实用文、阅读理解一与二（分值最重）Vocabulary, grammar, dialogue completion, functional texts, comprehension 1 & 2 — the heaviest paper |
| 试卷三 · 听力Paper 3 · Listening | 10% | 听短文与对话后作答Listening to passages and dialogues |
| 试卷四 · 口试Paper 4 · Oral | 15% | 朗读短文 + 看视频说话Reading aloud + video-based conversation |
试卷二里最常见、也最容易被低估的题型包括：选画线词语的汉语拼音（选项会在声母与声调上设陷阱）、同音形近字辨析、词语搭配、关联词、"以下哪一个句子是正确的"用法辨析、短文填空（一段短文挖五个空，每空在括号里给四个近义词），以及实用文阅读（通告 / 海报 / 启事）后接一道情境写作。The most common — and most underestimated — item types in Paper 2 include: choosing the correct pinyin for an underlined word (distractors trap initials and tones), distinguishing homophones and similar-looking characters, collocations, connectives, "which of these sentences is correct" usage items, short-passage cloze (five blanks, each with four near-synonyms in brackets), and functional text reading (a notice or poster) followed by a situational writing task.
三、英文试卷结构（满分 200）3. English paper structure (200 marks)
| Paper | 占比Weight | 考什么What it tests |
|---|---|---|
| Paper 1 · Writing | 27.5% | Situational Writing + Continuous Writing |
| Paper 2 · Language Use & Comprehension | 47.5% | Grammar & Vocabulary MCQ, Cloze, Synthesis & Transformation, Comprehension （分值最重）— the heaviest paper |
| Paper 3 · Listening | 10% | Listening comprehension MCQ |
| Paper 4 · Oral | 15% | Reading Aloud + Stimulus-based Conversation |
Paper 2 里最难拿满分的通常是 Synthesis & Transformation（句子改写）：要求意思完全不变，只换一种结构（关系从句、被动语态、间接引语、条件句、连接词）。改写后语法对但意思变了，一样零分。另一个高频失分点是 Visual Text——两段文字（例如一则广告加一段质疑它的评论）配五道题，其中往往有一道"哪个说法不正确"和一道要跨两段文字才能作答的评价题。The hardest section to max out in Paper 2 is usually Synthesis & Transformation: the meaning must stay identical while one structure changes (relative clause, passive, reported speech, conditional, connector). A rewrite that is grammatical but shifts the meaning still scores zero. The other frequent leak is Visual Text — two texts (say, an advertisement plus a critical extract) with five questions, typically including a "which statement is NOT true" item and an evaluation item that can only be answered by reading across both texts.
四、数学试卷结构（满分 100）4. Mathematics paper structure (100 marks)
| 试卷Paper | 分值Marks | 考什么What it tests |
|---|---|---|
| 试卷一（不可用计算器）Paper 1 (no calculator) | 45 | Booklet A 选择题 + Booklet B 短答，考概念准确与速度Booklet A MCQ + Booklet B short answer — concept accuracy and speed |
| 试卷二（可用计算器）Paper 2 (calculator allowed) | 55 | 短答 + 多步骤结构题，必须写出完整步骤（有步骤分）Short answer + multi-step structured questions — working must be shown, method marks are awarded |
Paper 2 的最后几题几乎每年都落在三类"杀手题型"上：（一）复合、折叠、剪切或重叠图形的面积与周长；（二）体积与速率（注水放水、水位变化）；（三）分数、比、百分比互相牵动，并带一个"变化前 / 变化后"的结构。这三类值得单独反复练。The last few questions in Paper 2 land, year after year, on three killer archetypes: (a) area and perimeter of composite, folded, cut-out or overlapping figures; (b) volume and rate (filling and draining, changing water levels); (c) fractions, ratio and percentage interacting, usually with a before-and-after structure. These three deserve dedicated practice.
五、科学试卷结构（满分 100）5. Science paper structure (100 marks)
| Booklet | 分值Marks | 考什么What it tests |
|---|---|---|
| Booklet A · 选择题Booklet A · MCQ | 56 | 28 题 × 2 分，重在把概念用到陌生情境，不是背诵28 × 2 marks — applying concepts to unfamiliar contexts, not recall |
| Booklet B · 开放题Booklet B · Open-ended | 44 | 实验、数据分析、解释现象；答案必须写出关键词才得分Experiments, data, explanations — key-words are required for marks |
Booklet B 是最容易"懂了却拿不到分"的地方。评分表对用词非常严格，常见的扣分模式包括：Booklet B is where children most often understand the science but still lose the marks. Marking schemes are strict about wording. The recurring deductions:
- 比较题必须用比较词。写"快"不给分，要写"比…更快"。Comparisons need comparative words. "Fast" earns nothing; "faster than…" does.
- 用词要精确。"变热了"不等于"吸收了热量"；"出现了水"不等于"水蒸气凝结成小水珠"；"重力 gravity"与"地心引力 gravitational force"在评分上不能互换。Terms must be precise. "Became hot" is not "gained heat"; "water appeared" is not "water vapour condensed"; "gravity" and "gravitational force" are not interchangeable to a marker.
- 不能循环论证。"因为它是最好的导体，所以温度升得最高"——这是把结论当理由，拿不到分；要引用数据。No circular reasoning. "Because it is the best conductor, the temperature rose most" restates the conclusion as the reason. Cite the data instead.
- 问什么答什么。题目问"能量转换"就不能答成"力"；问"为什么"就不能只答"是什么"。Answer the question asked. If it asks about energy conversion, an answer in terms of forces scores zero; if it asks why, describing what is not enough.
- 好答案有固定骨架：先给结论（选哪个），再引数据（读数怎么变），最后解释（因此说明了什么）。Strong answers have a fixed skeleton: state the choice, quote the data, then explain what it shows.
六、AL 等级怎么算6. How AL scoring works
每一科的原始分先换算成一个 AL（Achievement Level）等级，四科的 AL 相加就是 PSLE 总分，范围 4–30，分数越低越好。Each subject's raw score converts to an Achievement Level (AL). The four ALs add up to the PSLE score, between 4 and 30 — lower is better.
| AL | 原始分（每科）Raw score (per subject) | AL | 原始分（每科）Raw score (per subject) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AL 1 | ≥ 90 | AL 5 | 65 – 74 |
| AL 2 | 85 – 89 | AL 6 | 45 – 64 |
| AL 3 | 80 – 84 | AL 7 | 20 – 44 |
| AL 4 | 75 – 79 | AL 8 | < 20 |
七、总分与 Posting Group7. Total score and Posting Groups
在全面科目编班（Full Subject-Based Banding）下，PSLE 总分决定进入中学时的分配班组：Under Full Subject-Based Banding, the PSLE total determines the Posting Group a student enters secondary school with:
| PSLE 总分（四科 AL 之和）PSLE score (sum of four ALs) | Posting Group |
|---|---|
| 4 – 20 | Posting Group 3 |
| 21 – 22 | Posting Group 2 |
| 23 – 30 | Posting Group 1 |
八、四科各自最容易失分的地方8. Where each subject leaks marks
- 华文开放题：示范答案必须是完整句子并把问题重述进去，只写词组会扣分；心情题要"先答是什么，再答为什么"，按分值拆成给分点（1 分 + 3 分的题就是两问）。Chinese open-ended: answers must be full sentences that restate the question — a bare phrase loses marks. Feeling-and-reason questions need the "what" before the "why", split according to the marks (a 1 + 3 question is really two questions).
- 英文 Synthesis & Transformation：意思必须完全一致，只测一个结构。改完后回读一遍原句，确认没有多出或少掉信息。English Synthesis & Transformation: the meaning must be identical and only one structure should change. Re-read against the original to check nothing was added or dropped.
- 数学 Paper 1：不能用计算器，输在计算而不是思路上很可惜；先把整数与分数的心算练稳。Maths Paper 1: no calculator, so marks are lost to arithmetic rather than reasoning. Solid mental work with whole numbers and fractions pays off directly.
- 科学 Booklet B：把评分关键词当成"必须出现的词"来记，答完检查三件事——有没有比较词、有没有引数据、有没有回答被问的那个概念。Science Booklet B: treat the marking key-words as words that must physically appear. After writing, check three things: is there a comparative, is the data cited, and does the answer address the concept actually asked about.
九、最后半年怎么安排9. Planning the final six months
- 先诊断，再刷题。四科各做一次能力评估，找出真正的弱项。没诊断就刷题，多半是在重复已经会的部分。Diagnose before drilling. Run one diagnostic per subject and find the real gaps. Drilling without a diagnosis usually means re-practising what is already solid.
- 按 AL 边界排优先级。先补"差几分就跨一档"的那科（见第六节）。Prioritise by AL boundary. Start with the subject sitting just under a band edge (see section 6).
- 按试卷组件练，而不是按章节练。最后阶段的目标是"这一节我能拿多少分"，不是"这一章我懂不懂"。Practise by paper component, not by chapter. At this stage the question is "how many marks can I get in this section", not "do I understand this chapter".
- 限时做整卷。时间分配是可以练的技能：会做但没时间做完，和不会做扣一样的分。Sit whole papers against the clock. Pacing is a trainable skill — running out of time costs exactly as many marks as not knowing.
- 错题必须回头再做一次。只订正、不重做，下次照错。Redo every wrong question later. Correcting without redoing means making the same mistake next time.
StarLearn 里就有一个 PSLE 备考中心StarLearn has a PSLE prep centre built in
倒计时 · 按试卷组件专练 · 跨科弱项一览 · AL 与 Posting Group 试算 · AI 个人化备考计划Countdown · drill by paper component · cross-subject weak spots · AL & Posting Group calculator · AI study plan